Big ideas | With Four Freedoms, Four Responsibilities

References

  1. President Franklin Roosevelt, “Annual Message (Four Freedoms) to Congress (1941)” (speech, Washington, DC, 1941), www.ourdocuments.gov, www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=70&page=transcript.
  2. Frederick Douglass, “A Plea for Freedom of Speech in Boston” (speech, Boston, MA, 1860), in Frederick Douglas Papers. Series One: Speeches, Debates, and Interviews Volume: 1855–1863 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992).
  3. Duggan, Maeve, “Online Harassment 2017,” Pew Research Center, July 11, 2017, www.pewinternet.org/2017/07/11/online-harassment-2017/.
  4. Michals, Debra, PhD, “Anne Hutchinson,” National Women’s History Museum, 2015, www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/anne-hutchinson.
  5. Brooks, Rebecca Beatrice, “Who Was Anne Hutchinson?” History of Massachusetts Blog, January 26, 2015, historyofmassachusetts.org/anne-hutchinson/.
  6. Ibid.
  7. Solly, Meilan, “Why Religious Freedom and Diversity Flourished in Early America,” Smithsonian.com, July 14, 2017, www.smithsonianmag .com/smithsonian-institution/why-religious-freedom-diversity -flourished-early-america-180964060/.
  8. Rosenberg, Paul, “Religious Freedom: It’s a Core American Principle, and It Doesn’t Mean What Right-Wingers Want It to Mean,” Salon, January 17, 2017, www.salon.com/2017/01/17/religious-freedom-its-a -core-american-principle-and-it-doesnt-mean-what-right-wingers-want -it-to-mean/.
  9. Izadi, Elahe, “Thomas Jefferson and the Fascinating History of Founding Fathers Defending Muslim Rights,” Washington Post, February 3, 2016, www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/12/11/how-thomas -jefferson-and-other-founding-fathers-defended-muslim-rights/?utm_term=.ccfb502bebae.
  10. “Jefferson’s Gravestone,” Monticello.org, Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia, accessed November 3, 2017.
  11. Zoll, Rachel, “White Christians Are Now a Minority of the U.S. Population, Survey Says,” PBS NewsHour, September 6, 2017, www.pbs .org/newshour/rundown/white-christians-now-minority-u-s -population-survey-says/.
  12. Colby, Sandra L. and Jennifer M. Ortman, “Projections of the Size and Composition of the U.S. Population: 2014 to 2060,” Current Population Reports, U.S. Census Bureau, March 2015, www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/demo/p25-1143.pdf.
  13. “Hate Groups Increase for Second Consecutive Year as Trump Electrifies Radical Right,” Southern Poverty Law Center, February 15, 2017, www.splcenter.org/news/2017/02/15/hate-groups-increase-second -consecutive-year-trump-electrifies-radical-right.
  14. Bias Motivation, “2015 Hate Crime Statistics: Incidents, Offenses, Victims, and Known Offenders,” U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation: Criminal Justice Information Services Division, https://ucr.fbi.gov/hate-crime/2015/home; Bias Motivation, “2014 Hate Crime Statistics: Incidents, Offenses, Victims, and Known Offenders,” U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation: Criminal Justice Information Services Division, https://ucr.fbi.gov/hate-crime/2014.
  15. “America’s Women and the Wage Gap,” National Partnership for Women & Families, April 2017, www.nationalpartnership.org/research-library/workplace-fairness/fair-pay/americas-women-and-the-wage-gap.pdf.
  16. Krebs, Christopher, Christine Lindquist, Marcus Berzofsky, Bonnie Shook-Sa, Kimberly Peterson, Michael Planty, Lynn Langton, and Jessica Stroop, “Campus Climate Survey Validation Study Final Technical Report,” Bureau of Justice Statistics Research and Development Series, January 2016, www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ccsvsftr.pdf.
  17. Lampen, Claire, “The Next Time Someone Tells You Sexism Is Over, Show Them These Statistics,” Mic, February 16, 2017, mic.com/articles/168585/the-next-time-someone-tells-you-sexism-is-over-show-them-these-statistics#.3iFdPvya0.
  18. Mullainathan, Sendhil, “Racial Bias, Even When We Have Good Intentions,” New York Times, January 3, 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015 /01/04/upshot/the-measuring-sticks-of-racial-bias-.html?mcubz=1&_r=0.
  19. Ibid.; Woods, Janee, “Let’s Be Honest, We Can’t Be Colorblind Because America Is Not Post-Racial,” Quartz, September 2, 2014, qz.com/258571/lets-be-honest-we-cant-be-colorblind-because-america-is-not-post-racial/.
  20. Nellis, Ashley, PhD, “The Color of Justice: Racial and Ethnic Disparity in State Prisons,” The Sentencing Project, 2016, www.sentencingproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/The-Color-of-Justice-Racial-and-Ethnic -Disparity-in-State-Prisons.pdf.
  21. Thoreson, Ryan, “Toxic Homophobia Still Festers in America’s Schools,” Human Rights Watch, originally published in The Advocate, December 16, 2016, www.hrw.org/news/2016/12/16/toxic-homophobia-still-festers -americas-schools.
  22. “Know Your Rights: Transgender People and the Law,” American Civil Liberties Union, accessed December 14, 2017, www.aclu.org/know-your -rights/transgender-people-and-law.
  23. Grant, Jaime M., Lisa A. Mottet, JD, and Justin Tanis, DMin, with Jack Harrison, Jody L. Herman, PhD, and Mara Keisling, “Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey,” National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, 2011, www.thetaskforce.org/static_html/downloads/reports/reports/ntds_full.pdf.
  24. Lorde, Audre, “Our Difference Is Our Strength,” in Identity Politics in the Women’s Movement, ed. Barbara Ryan (New York: NYU Press, 2001).
  25. King, Martin Luther, “Letter from a Birmingham Jail [King, Jr.],” African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, April 16, 1963, www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham.html.
  26. Baldwin, James. “Down At The Cross,” in The Fire Next Time (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), 104.
  27. Bomey, Nathan, Brent Snavely, and Alisa Priddle, “Detroit Becomes Largest U.S. City to Enter Bankruptcy,” USA Today, December 3, 2013, www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/12/03/detroit-bankruptcy-eligibility/3849833/.
  28. Davey, Monica, “Detroit Is Out of Bankruptcy, but Not Out of the Woods,” New York Times, December 10, 2014, www.nytimes.com/ 2014/12/11/us/detroit-bankruptcy-ending.html.
  29. Tribune Media Wire, “Detroit Is No. 1 and Flint 3rd on List of the 10 Worst U.S. Cities to Live in,” Fox17 News, June 18, 2017, fox17online .com/2017/06/18/these-are-the-10-worst-u-s-cities-to-live-in-site-claims/; Violet Ikonomova, “Gilbert’s Bedrock Says It Will Create ‘Affordable’ Housing in Downtown Detroit. Here’s What That Actually Means,” Detroit Metro Times, July 13, 2017, www.metrotimes.com/news-hits/archives/2017/07/13/gilberts-bedrock-says-it-will-create-affordable -housing-in-downtown-detroit-heres-what-that-actually-means.
  30. Blavity Team, “These Are the Most Segregated Cities in America,” Blavity, July 2017, blavity.com/these-are-the-most-segregated-cities-in-america.
  31. Walker, Darren, “Work in Detroit Doesn’t End with Grand Bargain,” Detroit Free Press, November 9, 2014, www.freep.com/story/opinion/contributors/2014/11/09/detroit-bankruptcy-detroit-museum-ford-foundation/18672215/.
  32. Walker, Darren, “Toward a New Gospel of Wealth,” Ford Foundation Equals Change Blog, October 1, 2015, https://www.fordfoundation.org/ideas/equals-change-blog/posts/toward-a-new-gospel-of-wealth/.
  33. The editors, “Martin Luther King Jr.’s ‘Letter from Birmingham Jail,’” The Atlantic, April 16, 2013, originally published as “The Negro Is Your Brother,” The Atlantic, August 1963, www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/04/martin-luther-kings-letter-from-birmingham-jail/274668/.
  34. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Press Conference no. 702, Washington, DC, December 17, 1940, FDR Library, www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/_resources/images/pc/pc0111.pdf.
  35. “Honduras: The Deadliest Country in the World for Environmental Activism,” Global Witness, January 31, 2017, https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/environmental-activists/honduras-deadliest-country-world-environmental-activism/.
  36. Frail, T.A. “The Injustice of Japanese-American Internment Camps Resonates Strongly to This Day,” Smithsonian Magazine, January 2017, www.smithsonianmag.com/history/injustice-japanese-americans -internment-camps-resonates-strongly-180961422/
  37. The Civil Liberties Public Education Fund, Personal Justice Denied: Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997).
  38. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, “Martin Niemöller: Biography,” Holocaust Encyclopedia, accessed November 2, 2017, www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007391.
  39. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, “Martin Niemöller: ‘First They Came for the Socialists,” Holocaust Encyclopedia, accessed November 2, 2017, www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article .php?ModuleId=10007392.